6.3. Rechenregeln für stetige Funktionen


Wir haben den Stetigkeitsbegriff über die Konvergenz von Folgen gewonnen. Es ist daher zu erwarten, dass etliche Eigenschaften konvergenter Folgen eine Parallele bei den stetigen Funktionen haben. In diesem Abschnitt übertragen wir zunächst die vier Grenzwertsätze. Darüber hinaus ist auch die Komposition mit der Stetigkeit verträglich.

Bemerkung (Stetigkeitssätze, lokal):   f:A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGbbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B35@ und g:B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacQdacaWGcbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B37@ seien irgendzwei Funktionen, n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3A68@ . Sind  f und g stetig in aAB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadgeacqGHPiYXcaWGcbaaaa@3AFE@ , so ist auch

  1. f+g MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgUcaRiaadEgaaaa@3822@ stetig in a
[6.3.1]
  1. fg MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgkHiTiaadEgaaaa@382D@ stetig in a
[6.3.2]
  1. fg MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgwSixlaadEgaaaa@398A@ , und damit auch  f n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaaa@3774@ stetig in a
[6.3.3]
  1. f g MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaWGMbaabaGaam4zaaaaaaa@3750@ , und speziell auch 1 g MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaam4zaaaaaaa@3720@ stetig in a, falls g(a)0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaa@3B15@
[6.3.4]

Ist g stetig in a und  f stetig in g(a)A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@3ADE@ , so ist

  1. fg MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiablIHiVjaadEgaaaa@387A@ stetig in a
[6.3.5]

Beweis:  Die ersten vier Nachweise werden mit dem jeweiligen Grenzwertsatz geführt. Wir zeigen dies beispielhaft für die erste Aussage.

Sei dazu ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ eine Folge in AB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeaaaa@3894@ die gegen a konvergiert. Da ABA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeacqGHckcZcaWGbbaaaa@3B56@ und ABB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeacqGHckcZcaWGcbaaaa@3B57@ hat man daher auf Grund der vorausgesetzten Stetigkeit von  f und g:

  • A a n af( a n )f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqamrr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwAKbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae83cIuUaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsgIRcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@552E@
  • B a n ag( a n )g(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOqamrr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwAKbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae83cIuUaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsgIRcaWGNbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@5531@

Mit dem ersten Grenzwertsatz gewinnen wir daraus die Konvergenz

f+g( a n )=f( a n )+g( a n )f(a)+g(a)=f+g(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgUcaRiaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaey4kaSIaam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgkziUkaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcaWGNbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiabgUcaRiaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@553B@ .

Zum Beweis der fünften Aussage geben wir uns irgendeine gegen a konvergente Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in {xB|g(x)A}B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4EaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGcbGaaiiFaiaadEgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaaiyFaiabgkOimlaadkeaaaa@4400@ vor. Da g( a n )A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@3C07@ hat kann mit den gegebenen Stetigkeiten folgendermaßen argumentieren:

a n ag( a n )g(a)fg( a n )=f(g( a n ))f(g(a))=fg(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsgIRcaWGNbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaeSigI8Maam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadAgacaGGOaGaam4zaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcacqGHsgIRcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiablIHiVjaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@6A72@
 

Die gerade bewiesenen Rechenregeln für die punktweise Stetigkeit übertragen sich sofort auf die allgemeine Stetigkeit. Die folgende Bemerkung ist daher nur eine Neuformulierung der Stetigkeitssätze.

Bemerkung (Stetigkeitssätze, global):  

  1. f C 0 (A)      g C 0 (B)f+g C 0 (AB) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadkeacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaey4kaSIaam4zaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeacaGGPaaaaa@56B4@
[6.3.6]
  1. f C 0 (A)      g C 0 (B)fg C 0 (AB) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadkeacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaeyOeI0Iaam4zaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeacaGGPaaaaa@56BF@
[6.3.7]
  1. f C 0 (A)      g C 0 (B)fg C 0 (AB) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadkeacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaeyyXICTaam4zaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiabgMIihlaadkeacaGGPaaaaa@581C@
[6.3.8]
  1. f C 0 (A)      g C 0 (B) f g C 0 ({xAB|g(x)0}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadkeacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7daWcaaqaaiaadAgaaeaacaWGNbaaaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4EaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaeyykICSaamOqaiaacYhacaWGNbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaeyiyIKRaaGimaiaac2hacaGGPaaaaa@6126@
[6.3.9]
  1. f C 0 (A)      g C 0 (B)fg C 0 ({xB|g(x)A}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaaMe8Uaey4jIKTaaGjbVlaadEgacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadkeacaGGPaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaeSigI8Maam4zaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4EaiaadIhacqGHiiIZcaWGcbGaaiiFaiaadEgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaWGbbGaaiyFaiaacMcaaaa@5FB5@
[6.3.10]

Beachte:

  • Mit den Stetigkeitssätzen läßt sich, ähnlich wie bei den analytischen Funktionen, der Funktionenraum C 0 (A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaaaa@3941@ algebaisieren, denn da die Konstanten 00|A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGimaiabg2da9iaaicdacaGG8bGaamyqaaaa@39A9@ und 11|A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGymaiabg2da9iaaigdacaGG8bGaamyqaaaa@39AB@ stetig sind, erhält man aus [6.3.6] bis [6.3.8]:

    ( C 0 (A),+) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaGGSaGaey4kaSIaaiykaaaa@3C2C@ ist eine ablesche Gruppe

     i

    • Die Addition + ist assoziativ und kommutativ.

    • 0 ist das neutrale Element, d.h.  f+0=f MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgUcaRiaaicdacqGH9aqpcaWGMbaaaa@3A61@   für alle  f.

    • Jedes f besitzt genau ein inverses Element, hier f MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaamOzaaaa@37C1@ , so dass  f+(f)=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiabgUcaRiaacIcacqGHsislcaWGMbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@3CA7@ ist.

    .
    ( C 0 (A),+,) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacaGGSaGaey4kaSIaaiilaiabgwSixlaacMcaaaa@3F26@ ist ein kommutativer Ring mit Einselement

     i

    • Es gelten die Axiome einer abelschen Gruppe.

    • Die Multiplikation · ist assoziativ und kommutativ.

    • · ist distributiv bzgl. +.

    • 1 ist das neutrale Element der Multiplikation, d.h.  1·f=f MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGymaiabgwSixlaadAgacqGH9aqpcaWGMbaaaa@3BCA@ für alle f.

    .
  • Die (in [6.2.17] bereits nachgewiesene) Stetigkeit der Polynome und ihrer Quotienten ergibt sich aus [6.3.6] und [6.3.8] bzw. [6.3.9] auch ohne Kenntnis der analytischen Funktionen.

  • Auch die Stetigkeit der trigonometrischen Funktionen ([6.2.17]) läßt sich allein aus der Stetigkeit von sin elementar ableiten:

    cos=sin(X+ π 2 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGGZbGaeyypa0Jaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaeSigI8MaaiikaiaadIfacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiabec8aWbqaaiaaikdaaaGaaiykaaaa@42F5@   mit [6.3.10]

    tan= sin cos MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiDaiaacggacaGGUbGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gaaeaaciGGJbGaai4Baiaacohaaaaaaa@3EFB@   und  cot= cos sin MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGG0bGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohaaeaaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gaaaaaaa@3EFE@   mit [6.3.9]
     

Die Menge Bi(A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOqaiaadMgacaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcaaaa@39C0@ der bijektiven Funktionen von A nach A bilden unter der Verknüpfung MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSigI8gaaa@36A3@ eine (nicht-abelsche) Gruppe mit dem neutralen Element X|A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiwaiaacYhacaWGbbaaaa@380C@ . Nach [6.3.10] ist (für A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkOimlabl2riHcaa@399B@ ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSigI8gaaa@36A3@ auch eine Verknüpfung auf Bi(A) C 0 (A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOqaiaadMgacaGGOaGaamyqaiaacMcacqGHPiYXcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaadgeacaGGPaaaaa@3EB3@ . Ob hier sogar eine Gruppenstruktur vorliegt, hängt nur noch davon ab, ob die Umkehrung einer stetigen Funktion wieder stetig ist. Dafür aber ist interessanterweise nur der Definitionsbereich verantwortlich.

Bemerkung:  Ist  f:IB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGjbGaeyOKH4QaamOqaiabgkOimlabl2riHcaa@3E00@ eine bijektive Funktion auf einem Intervall

 i

Wir unterscheiden hier nicht zwischen offenen und geschlossenen Intervallen. Im offenen Fall erlauben wir auch den Wert MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOhIukaaa@375A@ für die rechte, bzw. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaeyOhIukaaa@3847@ für die linke Ecke. MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHekaaa@3759@ und z.B. >0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGH+aGpcaaIWaaaaaaa@3948@ sind in diesem Sinn also auch Intervalle.

, so gilt:

f  stetig f 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaaa@3DA2@ stetig
[6.3.11]

Beweis:  Für ein abgeschlossenes Intervall I gehen wir indirekt vor. Angenommen zu einem aB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadkeaaaa@389A@ gibt es eine Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in B, so dass zwar a n a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggaaaa@3A4B@ , aber ( f 1 ( a n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3CF4@ nicht gegen  f 1 (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3A72@ läuft. Dann aber gibt es ein ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@ derart, dass in der speziellen ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTdugaaa@3710@ -Umgebung ] f 1 (a)ε, f 1 (a)+ε[ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiyxaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGHsislcqaH1oqzcaGGSaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgUcaRiabew7aLjaacUfaaaa@4708@ fast alle Folgenglieder fehlen. Wir können also über die Rekursion

k 1 >1 f 1 ( a k 1 )] f 1 (a)ε, f 1 (a)+ε[ k n+1 > k n f 1 ( a k n+1 )] f 1 (a)ε, f 1 (a)+ε[ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGceaqabeaacaWGRbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyOpa4JaaGymaiaaywW7cqGHNis2caaMf8UaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgadaWgaaadbaGaaGymaaqabaaaleqaaOGaaiykaiabgMGiplaac2facaWGMbWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaOGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaGaeyOeI0IaeqyTduMaaiilaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcqaH1oqzcaGGBbaabaGaam4AamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaqabaGccqGH+aGpcaWGRbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaGzbVlabgEIizlaaywW7caWGMbWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaOGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaam4AamaaBaaameaacaWGUbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaqabaaaleqaaOGaaiykaiabgMGiplaac2facaWGMbWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaOGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaGaeyOeI0IaeqyTduMaaiilaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGHRaWkcqaH1oqzcaGGBbaaaaa@7FE2@

eine Teilfolge ( f 1 ( a k n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaWcbeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3E1C@ in I konstruieren, deren Folgenglieder vollständig außerhalb des Intervalls ] f 1 (a)ε, f 1 (a)+ε[ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiyxaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGHsislcqaH1oqzcaGGSaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgUcaRiabew7aLjaacUfaaaa@4708@ liegen [1]. Als Folge in I ist ( f 1 ( a k n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaWcbeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3E1C@ beschränkt, besitzt also gemäß Bolzano-Weierstraß [5.8.6] einen Häufungspunkt b. Nach [5.8.5] gibt es daher eine Teilfolge ( f 1 ( a k j n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaadQgadaWgaaqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaqabaaaleqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcaaaa@3F2C@ mit

f 1 ( a k j n )b MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgadaWgaaadbaGaamOAamaaBaaabaGaamOBaaqabaaabeaaaSqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOKH4QaamOyaaaa@40A7@

I ist abgeschlossen, also hat man: bI MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOyaiabgIGiolaadMeaaaa@38A2@ , und da  f in b stetig ist, folgt: a k j n f(b) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaadQgadaWgaaqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaqabaaaleqaaOGaeyOKH4QaamOzaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaaaa@3EC8@ . Andererseits hat man auch a k j n a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGRbWaaSbaaWqaaiaadQgadaWgaaqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaqabaaaleqaaOGaeyOKH4Qaamyyaaaa@3C83@ , also ist  f(b)=a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGIbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadggaaaa@3A80@ , und damit b= f 1 (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOyaiabg2da9iaadAgadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@3C5F@ . D.h. also  f 1 ( a k j n ) f 1 (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUgadaWgaaadbaGaamOAamaaBaaabaGaamOBaaqabaaabeaaaSqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOKH4QaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@44C9@   im Widerspruch zu [1].

Sei nun I irgendein Intervall und aB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadkeaaaa@389A@ . Dann gibt es ein abgeschlossenes Intervall JI MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOsaiabgkOimlaadMeaaaa@3902@ , so dass f 1 (a)J MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabgIGiolaadQeaaaa@3CC5@ . Die Einschränkung  f|J MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacYhacaWGkbaaaa@3823@ ist stetig auf J und  f(J) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGkbGaaiykaaaa@387C@ ist nach einem Ergebnis in Abschnitt 6 ([6.6.6]) ein Intervall.  f 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@3829@ und (f|J) 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgacaGG8bGaamOsaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaaaaa@3B51@ sind daher in a lokal identisch. Mit (f|J) 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgacaGG8bGaamOsaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaaaaa@3B51@ ist daher auch  f 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@3829@ stetig in a.

Beachte:

  • Bijektive Funktionen, die beidseitig stetig sind, nennt man Homöomorphismen. [6.3.11] kann man also auch so lesen:

    Jede stetige Bijektion auf einem Intervall ist ein Homöomorphismus.
     
  • Da X|I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiwaiaacYhacaWGjbaaaa@3814@ stetig ist, hat man jetzt für jedes Intervall I :

    (Bi(I) C 0 (I),) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadkeacaWGPbGaaiikaiaadMeacaGGPaGaeyykICSaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaWGjbGaaiykaiaacYcacqWIyiYBcaGGPaaaaa@4206@ ist eine nicht-abelsche Gruppe.
     
  • [6.3.11] wird i.a. falsch wenn der Definitionsbereich von  f  kein Intervall ist. So ist z.B. die Funktion  f:]0,1]{2}[0,1] MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaGGDbGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaiyxaiabgQIiilaacUhacaaIYaGaaiyFaiabgkziUkaacUfacaaIWaGaaiilaiaaigdacaGGDbaaaa@4527@ gegeben durch 

    f(x)={ x,  falls  0<x1 0,  falls  x=2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maaceaabaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaadIhacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaaicdacqGH8aapcaWG4bGaeyizImQaaGymaaqaaiaaicdacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaadIhacqGH9aqpcaaIYaaaaaGaay5Eaaaaaa@4DB9@

    stetig (in 2, da 2 isolierter Punkt ist; in x]0,1] MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiabgIGiolaac2facaaIWaGaaiilaiaaigdacaGGDbaaaa@3BD1@ ist  f lokal identisch mit X) und umkehrbar mit

    f 1 (x)={ x,  falls  0<x1 2,  falls  x=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaakiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maaceaabaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaadIhacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaaicdacqGH8aapcaWG4bGaeyizImQaaGymaaqaaiaaikdacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaadIhacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaaaaGaay5Eaaaaaa@4F98@

    f 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzamaaCaaaleqabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@3829@ aber ist in 0 unstetig.


6.2. 6.4.