6.2. Stetige Funktionen


Konvergenz ist die zentrale Eigenschaft der Folgen. In diesem Abschnitt untersuchen wir daher, wie Funktionen mit konvergenten Folgen umgehen. Die "konvergenztreuen" unter ihnen, also diejenigen, die Konvergenz an die Bildfolgen weiter vererben, zeichnen wir aus. Wir gewinnen dadurch eine der wichtigsten Funktionenklassen der Analysis.

Definition:  Es sei aA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadgeacqGHckcZcqWIDesOaaa@3C05@ . Eine Funktion  f:A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGbbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B35@ heißt stetig in a, falls für jede Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@
in A gilt:

a n af( a n )f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHsgIRcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@492E@
[6.2.1]

In dieser Definition ist die Forderung nach Konvergenztreue noch ein wenig verschärft: Die Bildfolge (f( a n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3B15@ soll nicht nur irgendwie konvergieren, sondern auch den "richtigen" Grenzwert - f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3893@ - haben. Dies erzwingt, dass der Funktionswert f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3893@ in geeigneter Weise aus den umgebenden Funktionswerten hervorgeht: Wie immer man auf der x-Achse auf a zuläuft (d.h. welche Folge a n a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggaaaa@3A4B@ man auch wählt), die Bildfolge wird auf der y-Achse gegen  f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3893@ konvergieren.

Beachte:

  • Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, die Unstetigkeit einer Funktion  f  in a nachzuweisen:

    • Man findet eine Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in A, die gegen a konvergiert, derart dass (f( a n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3B15@ divergent ist.

    • Man findet eine Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in A, die gegen a konvergiert, derart dass (f( a n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@3B15@ zwar konvergiert, aber nicht gegen  f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@3893@ .

  • Notiert man die Stetigkeitsbedingung in der griffigen Form

    limf( a n )=f(lim a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiBaiaacMgacaGGTbGaaGPaVlaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGMbGaaiikaiGacYgacaGGPbGaaiyBaiaaykW7caWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaaa@47CB@ ,
    [6.2.2]

    so wird folgender Aspekt deutlich: Bei stetigen Funktionen darf man Grenzwert- und Funktionswertbildung vertauschen. Dies führt zu neuen Möglichkeiten, Folgengrenzwerte zu ermitteln.

  • In einem isolierten Punkt a ist jede Funktion  f stetig, denn jede Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in A, die gegen a konvergiert, muss schließlich konstant sein. Dies überträgt sich auf die Bildfolge, so dass die Konvergenz  f( a n )f(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgkziUkaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@3ED3@ gewährleistet ist.
     

In einer ersten Beispielserie betrachten wir einige häufig vorkommende Funktionen. Sie sind in jedem Punkt ihres Definitionsbereichs stetig. In den ersten vier Fällen sind die Stetigkeitsnachweise leicht mit den Konvergenzsätzen zu führen.

Beispiel:  

  • Jede konstante Funktion c ist stetig in jedem a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@3943@ ,

[6.2.3]

denn:  a n ac( a n )=cc=c(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6efv3ySLgznfgDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFlis5caWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOKH4QaamyyaiaaywW7cqGHshI3caaMf8Uaam4yaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadogacqGHsgIRcaWGJbGaeyypa0Jaam4yaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@59AE@

  • Jede lineare Funktion mX+b MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyBaiaadIfacqGHRaWkcaWGIbaaaa@3901@ ist stetig in jedem a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@3943@ ,

[6.2.4]

denn:  a n amX+b( a n )=m a n +bma+b=mX+b(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6efv3ySLgznfgDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFlis5caWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOKH4QaamyyaiaaywW7cqGHshI3caaMf8UaamyBaiaadIfacqGHRaWkcaWGIbGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamyBaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWGIbGaeyOKH4QaamyBaiaadggacqGHRaWkcaWGIbGaeyypa0JaamyBaiaadIfacqGHRaWkcaWGIbGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@65A9@

  • Jede Potenzfunktion X k ,k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiwamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4AaaaakiaacYcacaWGRbGaeyicI4SaeSyfHukaaa@3BFD@ , ist stetig in jedem a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@3943@ ,

[6.2.5]

denn:  a n a X k ( a n )= a n k a k = X k (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6efv3ySLgznfgDOjdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObcv39gaiuaacqWFlis5caWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOKH4QaamyyaiaaywW7cqGHshI3caaMf8UaamiwamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4AaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadggadaqhaaWcbaGaamOBaaqaaiaayIW7caWGRbaaaOGaeyOKH4QaamyyamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaakiabg2da9iaadIfadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadUgaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@60B4@

  • Die Kehrwerte der Potenzfunktionen 1 X k MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamiwamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4Aaaaaaaaaaa@382E@ sind stetig in jedem a 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaeyiyIKRaaGimaaaaaaa@3BF1@ ,

[6.2.6]

denn:  0 a n a 1 X k ( a n )= 1 a n k 1 a k = 1 X k (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGimaiabgcMi5kaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsgIRcaWGHbGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7daWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaWGybWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGRbaaaaaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaadggadaqhaaWcbaGaamOBaaqaaiaayIW7caWGRbaaaaaakiabgkziUoaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaadggadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadUgaaaaaaOGaeyypa0ZaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamiwamaaCaaaleqabaGaam4AaaaaaaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@59B7@

  • Die Wurzelfunktion X MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaacaWGybaaleqaaaaa@3661@ ist stetig in jedem a 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaeyyzImRaaGimaaaaaaa@3BF0@ .

[6.2.7]

Sei ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ eine Folge in 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeSyhHe6aaWbaaSqabeaacqGHLjYScaaIWaaaaaaa@3986@ mit a n a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggaaaa@3A4B@ . Wir müssen zeigen: a n a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaqabaGccqGHsgIRdaGcaaqaaiaadggaaSqabaaaaa@3A76@ . Dazu geben wir uns ein ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@ vor und unterscheiden zwei Fälle:

  • a=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@380F@ :  Zu ε 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTdu2aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@37F9@ gibt es ein n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@3742@ , so dass a n =| a n 0|< ε 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaacYhacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGimaiaacYhacqGH8aapcqaH1oqzdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@41C8@ für alle n n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@39FB@ . Für diese n gilt:
     
    | a n 0 |= a n < ε 2 =ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFamaakaaabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0YaaOaaaeaacaaIWaaaleqaaOGaaiiFaiabg2da9maakaaabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaeqaaOGaeyipaWZaaOaaaeaacqaH1oqzdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaabeaakiabg2da9iabew7aLbaa@44D4@     
     
  • a>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3811@ :  Zu ε a >0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTdu2aaOaaaeaacaWGHbaaleqaaOGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@39DD@ gibt es ein n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@3742@ , so dass | a n a|<ε a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGHbGaaiiFaiabgYda8iabew7aLnaakaaabaGaamyyaaWcbeaaaaa@3EF7@ für alle n n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@39FB@ . Nun hat man für diese n:
     
    | a n a |= | a n a || a n + a | | a n + a | = | a n a| a n + a | a n a| a < ε a a =ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFamaakaaabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0YaaOaaaeaacaWGHbaaleqaaOGaaiiFaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaiiFamaakaaabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0YaaOaaaeaacaWGHbaaleqaaOGaaiiFaiabgwSixlaacYhadaGcaaqaaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaaabeaakiabgUcaRmaakaaabaGaamyyaaWcbeaakiaacYhaaeaacaGG8bWaaOaaaeaacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaqabaGccqGHRaWkdaGcaaqaaiaadggaaSqabaGccaGG8baaaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaiiFaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGHbGaaiiFaaqaamaakaaabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaeqaaOGaey4kaSYaaOaaaeaacaWGHbaaleqaaaaakiabgsMiJoaalaaabaGaaiiFaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGHbGaaiiFaaqaamaakaaabaGaamyyaaWcbeaaaaGccqGH8aapdaWcaaqaaiabew7aLnaakaaabaGaamyyaaWcbeaaaOqaamaakaaabaGaamyyaaWcbeaaaaGccqGH9aqpcqaH1oqzaaa@6C43@     

Wie bereits angedeutet, bietet [6.2.2] die Möglichkeit, bequem neue Grenzwerte zu berechnen. So weiß man jetzt z.B.:

  • 4 n 3 +3n 9 n 3 2 4 9 = 2 3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaaisdacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaG4maiaad6gaaeaacaaI5aGaamOBamaaCaaaleqabaGaaG4maaaakiabgkHiTiaaikdaaaaaleqaaOGaeyOKH46aaOaaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaaisdaaeaacaaI5aaaaaWcbeaakiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGOmaaqaaiaaiodaaaaaaa@455A@
     
  • 3+ n1 n+1 3+ 1 =2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaacaaIZaGaey4kaSYaaOaaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaad6gacqGHsislcaaIXaaabaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaaaleqaaaqabaGccqGHsgIRdaGcaaqaaiaaiodacqGHRaWkdaGcaaqaaiaaigdaaSqabaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaikdaaaa@42B6@

  •  

Durch die Bindung an den Grenzwertbegriff zeichnet die Stetigkeit in a solche Funktionen aus, die in der Nähe von a eine bestimmte Qualität besitzen. Stetigkeit ist somit eine lokale Eigenschaft!

Die nächsten beiden Bemerkungen machen diese Eigenschaft an zwei konkreten Aussagen sichtbar. Zunächst zeigen wir, dass die Stetigkeit in a nicht verloren geht, wenn der Definitionsbereich von  f verkleinert wird.

Bemerkung:  Ist  f:B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGcbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B36@ eine beliebige Funktion und aAB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadgeacqGHckcZcaWGcbaaaa@3B5C@ , so gilt

f stetig in a f|A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caWGMbGaaiiFaiaadgeaaaa@3D93@ stetig in a
[6.2.8]

Die Umkehrung ist i.a. falsch: Gemäß Beispiel [6.2.13] ist die Heavisidefunktion H

 i

H(x)={ 1, falls  x0 0, falls  x<0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamisaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maaceaabaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaaigdacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaadIhacqGHLjYScaaIWaaabaGaaGimaiaabAgacaqGHbGaaeiBaiaabYgacaqGZbGaamiEaiabgYda8iaaicdaaaaacaGL7baaaaa@4C27@
nicht stetig in 0, obwohl ihre Einschränkung H| 0 =1| 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamisaiaacYhacqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgwMiZkaaicdaaaGccqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaaiiFaiabl2riHoaaCaaaleqabaGaeyyzImRaaGimaaaaaaa@423B@ hier stetig ist.

Beweis:  Da AB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkOimlaadkeaaaa@38F2@ , ist jede gegen a konvergente Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in A auch eine gegen a konvergente Folge in B. Man hat daher:
 

f|A( a n )=f( a n )f(a)=f|A(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacYhacaWGbbGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgkziUkaadAgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGMbGaaiiFaiaadgeacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@4BE8@

In einem zweiten Beispiel weisen wir nach, dass sich zwei Funktionen in ihrem Stetigkeitsverhalten nicht unterscheiden, wenn sie in einer Umgebung von a dieselben Werte haben. Zur präzisen Formulierung dieser Eigenschaft führen wir zunächst zwei Begriffe ein.

Für a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolabl2riHcaa@3943@ und ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@ nennen wir die Menge

A a,ε A]aε,a+ε[ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqamaaBaaaleaacaWGHbGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaGccqGH9aqpcaWGbbGaeyykICSaaiyxaiaadggacqGHsislcqaH1oqzcaGGSaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiabew7aLjaacUfaaaa@4665@
[6.2.9]

eine relative ε-Umgebung von a.

Zwei Funktionen  f:A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGbbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B35@ und g:B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacQdacaWGcbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B37@ heißen in a  lokal identisch, falls es ein ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@ gibt, so dass A a,ε = B a,ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqamaaBaaaleaacaWGHbGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaGccqGH9aqpcaWGcbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadggacaGGSaGaeqyTdugabeaaaaa@3ED8@ und

f(x)=g(x)  für alle  x A a,ε = B a,ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGNbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaGaaeOzaiaabYpacaqGYbGaaeiiaiaabggacaqGSbGaaeiBaiaabwgacaWG4bGaeyicI4SaamyqamaaBaaaleaacaWGHbGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaGccqGH9aqpcaWGcbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadggacaGGSaGaeqyTdugabeaaaaa@5013@
[6.2.10]

 

Bemerkung:  Sind  f:A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGbbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B35@ und g:B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4zaiaacQdacaWGcbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B37@ in aAB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadgeacqGHPiYXcaWGcbaaaa@3AFE@   lokal identisch, so gilt:

f stetig in a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaaywW7cqGHuhY2caaMf8oaaa@3A68@ g stetig in a
[6.2.11]

Beweis:  Es reicht, nur " MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiabgkDiEdaa@374D@ " nachzuweisen, denn durch Vertauschen der Rollen von  f und g erhält man auch die zweite Richtung. Ist nun ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ eine beliebige Folge in B die gegen a konvergiert, so liegen ab einem geeigneten n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaad6gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@36C9@ alle Folgenglieder in B a,ε = A a,ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadkeadaWgaaWcbaGaamyyaiaacYcacqaH1oqzaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamyqamaaBaaaleaacaWGHbGaaiilaiabew7aLbqabaaaaa@3E5F@ . Für n n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaaa@3982@ hat man daher:
 

g( a n )=f( a n )f(a)=g(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaWGMbGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyOKH4QaamOzaiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaiabg2da9iaadEgacaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@47E5@

Beachte:

  • Trivialerweise sind für jedes ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@ die Funktionen  f und  f| A a,ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacYhacaWGbbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadggacaGGSaGaeqyTdugabeaaaaa@3B83@ lokal identisch in a. Man hat daher als Spezialfall von [6.2.11]:

    f  ist stetig in a f| A a,ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGzbVlabgsDiBlaaywW7caWGMbGaaiiFaiaadgeadaWgaaWcbaGaamyyaiaacYcacqaH1oqzaeqaaaaa@40FB@   ist stetig in a für ein ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqyTduMaeyOpa4JaaGimaaaa@38D2@
     

Bei abschnittweise erklärten Funktionen ist [6.2.11] oft von Vorteil. So haben wir etwa für die Betrags- und die Heavisidefunktion:

Beispiel:  

  • Die Betragsfunktion |X| MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacYhacaWGybGaaiiFaaaa@37CD@ ist stetig in jedem a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOaaa@38CA@ , denn:

[6.2.12]

Für a>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGH+aGpcaaIWaaaaa@3798@ ist |X| MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacYhacaWGybGaaiiFaaaa@37CD@ lokal identisch mit der linearen Funktion X, also stetig in a.

Für a<0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGH8aapcaaIWaaaaa@3794@ ist |X| MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacYhacaWGybGaaiiFaaaa@37CD@ lokal identisch mit der linearen Funktion X MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiabgkHiTiaadIfaaaa@36BA@ , somit stetig in a.

Der Fall a=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaaaa@3796@ kann nicht mit dem Trick "lokal identisch" gelöst werden. Ein Satz über Nullfolgen

 i

a n 0| a n |0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaaicdacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaacYhacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiiFaiabgkziUkaaicdaaaa@46CE@

( [5.5.6] ) hilft aber weiter: 

a n 0|X|( a n )=| a n |0=|X|(a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsgIRcaaIWaGaaGzbVlabgkDiElaaywW7caGG8bGaamiwaiaacYhacaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaGG8bGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacYhacqGHsgIRcaaIWaGaeyypa0JaaiiFaiaadIfacaGG8bGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@5342@

  • Die Heavisidefunktion H

     i

    H(x)={ 1, falls  x0 0, falls  x<0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamisaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maaceaabaqbaeaabiqaaaqaaiaaigdacaqGMbGaaeyyaiaabYgacaqGSbGaae4CaiaadIhacqGHLjYScaaIWaaabaGaaGimaiaabAgacaqGHbGaaeiBaiaabYgacaqGZbGaamiEaiabgYda8iaaicdaaaaacaGL7baaaaa@4C27@
    ist stetig in jedem a 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaaaaa@3B78@ , denn:

[6.2.13]

Für a>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGH+aGpcaaIWaaaaa@3798@ ist H lokal identisch mit der konstanten Funktion 1, also in a stetig.

Für a<0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGH8aapcaaIWaaaaa@3794@ ist H lokal identisch mit der konstanten Funktion 0, daher stetig in a.

Ein Beispiel

 i

(1) n n 0, aber (H( (1) n n )) ist divergent MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaGGOaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6gaaaaakeaacaWGUbaaaiabgkziUkaaicdacaqGIbGaaeyDaiaabshacaGGOaGaamisaiaacIcadaWcaaqaaiaacIcacqGHsislcaaIXaGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaOqaaiaad6gaaaGaaiykaiaacMcacaqGPbGaae4CaiaabccacaqGKbGaaeyAaiaabAhacaqGLbGaaeOCaiaabEgacaqGLbGaaeOBaiaabshaaaa@5427@

in [6.1] zeigt, dass H in 0 unstetig ist.

Bisher kennen wir Funktionen, die überall stetig sind und solche, die nur in einem Punkt unstetig sind. Nun stellen wir Funktionen vor, die in keinem bzw. nur in einem Punkt stetig sind. Dabei unterstreicht das zweite Beispiel noch einmal den lokalen Aspekt der Stetigkeit: Die Stetigkeit in einem Punkt hat keinen Einfluss auf das Stetigkeitsverhalten der Funktion in den Nachbarpunkten.

Beispiel:  

  • Die Indikatorfunktion χ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaaaaa@393C@

     i

    χ (x)={ 1, falls x 0, falls x MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpdaGabaqaauaabaqaceaaaeaacaaIXaGaaeOzaiaabggacaqGSbGaaeiBaiaabohacaWG4bGaeyicI4SaeSOgHqkabaGaaGimaiaabAgacaqGHbGaaeiBaiaabYgacaqGZbGaamiEaiabgMGiplablQriKcaaaiaawUhaaaaa@5063@
    ist keinem reellen a stetig, denn:

[6.2.14]

Für a MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGHiiIZcqWIAecPaaa@38CA@ wähle man eine gegen a konvergente Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in \ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiabl2riHkaacYfacqWIAecPcqGHckcZcqWIDesOaaa@3C1C@ . Dann gilt:

χ ( a n )=001= χ (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiabeE8aJnaaBaaaleaacqWIAecPaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGimaiabgkziUkaaicdacqGHGjsUcaaIXaGaeyypa0Jaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@4940@

Für a\ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOcaGGCbGaeSOgHqkaaa@3B1A@ wähle man eine gegen a konvergente Folge ( a n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaaaaa@3951@ in MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiablQriKkabgkOimlabl2riHcaa@39CC@ . Dann hat man:

χ ( a n )=110= χ (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiabeE8aJnaaBaaaleaacqWIAecPaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaaGymaiabgkziUkaaigdacqGHGjsUcaaIWaGaeyypa0Jaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaaa@4941@

  • Die Funktion X χ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadIfacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaaaaa@3B6A@ ist stetig in 0 und unstetig in jedem a0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadggacqGHGjsUcaaIWaaaaa@3857@ , denn:

[6.2.15]

  • Wir zeigen zunächst die Stetigkeit in 0 und geben uns dazu eine beliebige Folge a n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaaicdaaaa@3A1F@ vor. Da χ ( a n ){0,1} MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHiiIZcaGG7bGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIXaGaaiyFaaaa@41D7@ , ist (X χ ( a n ))=( a n )( χ ( a n )) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaadIfacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiaacMcacqGH9aqpcaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGHflY1caGGOaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacaGGPaaaaa@4F84@ das Produkt einer Nullfolge und einer beschränkten Folge, also konvergent gegen 0=X χ (0) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGimaiabg2da9iaadIfacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiaacIcacaaIWaGaaiykaaaa@3FC0@ .
     
  • Sei jetzt a0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaa@38D0@ . Wäre X χ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0Firpepi0de9vr0=vr0=vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadIfacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaaaaa@3B6A@ stetig in a, so hätte man:

    a n a a n χ ( a n )a χ (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadggacaaMf8UaeyO0H4TaaGzbVlaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaiabgkziUkaadggacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiaacIcacaWGHbGaaiykaaaa@559B@ .

    Daraus ergibt sich nun mit dem vierten Grenzwertsatz (wir setzen o.E. a n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaa@39F9@ voraus):

    χ ( a n )= a n χ ( a n ) a n a χ (a) a = χ (a) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiaacMcacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqaaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiaacIcacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaaiykaaqaaiaadggadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaaaaOGaeyOKH46aaSaaaeaacaWGHbGaeyyXICTaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccaGGOaGaamyyaiaacMcaaeaacaWGHbaaaiabg2da9iabeE8aJnaaBaaaleaacqWIAecPaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadggacaGGPaaaaa@5CC2@ .

    Also wäre χ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaaaaa@38BC@ in a stetig.   Widerspruch!

Unsere Beispiele enthalten Funktionen, die in mehreren - zum Teil sogar in allen - Punkten stetig sind. Wir nehmen dies zum Anlaß einen erweiteren Stetigkeitsbegriff einzuführen.

Definition:   Es sei AB MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgkOimlaadkeacqGHckcZcqWIDesOaaa@3C5E@ . Wir nennen eine Funktion  f:B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacQdacaWGcbGaeyOKH4QaeSyhHekaaa@3B36@   stetig auf A, falls f in jedem aA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyyaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa@3899@ stetig ist. Den Zusatz "auf A" lassen wir weg, wenn A=B MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabg2da9iaadkeaaaa@37FC@ , f also in jedem Punkt des Definitionsbereichs stetig ist. Die Menge aller auf A stetigen Funktionen bezeichnen wir mit dem Symbol

C 0 (A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaaaa@3941@
[6.2.16]

Die bisher betrachteten Beispiele notieren wir in der neuen Schreibweise:

  • c C 0 (),mX+b C 0 (), X k C 0 (), 1 X k C 0 ( 0 ), X C 0 ( 0 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6C43@
     
  • |X| C 0 (),H C 0 ( 0 ),H C 0 () MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIfacaGG8bGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacqWIDesOcaGGPaGaaiilaiaaywW7caWGibGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgcMi5kaaicdaaaGccaGGPaGaaiilaiaaywW7caWGibGaeyycI8Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacqWIDesOcaGGPaaaaa@5328@
     
  • χ C 0 (),X χ C 0 ({0}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeq4Xdm2aaSbaaSqaaiablQriKcqabaGccqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiabgwGiglaacMcacaGGSaGaaGzbVlaadIfacqGHflY1cqaHhpWydaWgaaWcbaGaeSOgHqkabeaakiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaai4EaiaaicdacaGG9bGaaiykaaaa@4EE7@

  •  

Der folgende Abschnitt wird zeigen, dass die Menge C 0 (A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaaaa@3941@ gute algebraische Eigenschaften hat. Wie schon bei der Konvergenz werden wir untersuchen, ob auch die Stetigkeit von Funktionen mit den Grundrechenarten verträglich ist.

Zum Abschluß dieses Teils weisen wir die Stetigkeit der analytischen Funktionen nach. Mit diesem Ergebnis ist dann gemäß [5.12.4] die Stetigkeit der Polynome, der Polynomquotienten sowie der Funktionen sin, cos, tan, cot und exp garantiert:

p C 0 () MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiCaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaeSyhHeQaaiykaaaa@3C64@ p q C 0 ({x|q(x)0}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaWGWbaabaGaamyCaaaacqGHiiIZcaWGdbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIWaaaaOGaaiikaiaacUhacaWG4bGaeyicI4SaeSyhHeQaaiiFaiaadghacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGHGjsUcaaIWaGaaiyFaiaacMcaaaa@48B8@

sin,cos,exp C 0 () MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaaiilaiaaykW7ciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaGGSaGaaGPaVlGacwgacaGG4bGaaiiCaiabgIGiolaadoeadaahaaWcbeqaaiaaicdaaaGccaGGOaGaeSyhHeQaaiykaaaa@486B@

tan C 0 ({x|cosx0}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciiDaiaacggacaGGUbGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaGG7bGaamiEaiabgIGiolabl2riHkaacYhaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohacaWG4bGaeyiyIKRaaGimaiaac2hacaGGPaaaaa@4A12@ cot C 0 ({x|sinx0}) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+gacaGG0bGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaGG7bGaamiEaiabgIGiolabl2riHkaacYhaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gacaWG4bGaeyiyIKRaaGimaiaac2hacaGGPaaaaa@4A1A@

[6.2.17]

 

Bemerkung:  Ist ( i=0 n a i (Xa) i ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaaqahabaGaamyyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacIcacaWGybGaeyOeI0IaamyyaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadMgaaaaabaGaamyAaiabg2da9iaaicdaaeaacaWGUbaaniabggHiLdGccaGGPaaaaa@43D2@ eine konvergente Potenzreihe, so ist ihre Grenzfunktion in jedem Punkt b ihres Konvergenzbereichs stetig:

i=0 a i (Xa) i C 0 (]ar,a+r[) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaabCaeaacaWGHbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIfacqGHsislcaWGHbGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyAaaaaaeaacaWGPbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaqaaiabg6HiLcqdcqGHris5aOGaeyicI4Saam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaGGDbGaamyyaiabgkHiTiaadkhacaGGSaGaamyyaiabgUcaRiaadkhacaGGBbGaaiykaaaa@4F86@
[6.2.18]

Beweis:  Sei b]ar,a+r[ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOyaiabgIGiolaac2facaWGHbGaeyOeI0IaamOCaiaacYcacaWGHbGaey4kaSIaamOCaiaacUfaaaa@3FCD@ beliebig. Nach dem Umordungssatz [5.11.20] gibt es eine konvergente Potenzreihe ( i=0 n b i (Xb) i ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaaqahabaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacIcacaWGybGaeyOeI0IaamOyaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadMgaaaaabaGaamyAaiabg2da9iaaicdaaeaacaWGUbaaniabggHiLdGccaGGPaaaaa@43D4@ , so dass

i=0 b i (xb) i = i=0 a i (xa) i    für alle x mit  |xb|<sr|ba| MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=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@6BB8@

Die beiden Grenzfunktionen sind also in b lokal identisch. Es reicht daher (siehe [6.2.11]), die Stetigkeit von ( i=0 b i (Xb) i ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaaqahabaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacIcacaWGybGaeyOeI0IaamOyaiaacMcadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadMgaaaaabaGaamyAaiabg2da9iaaicdaaeaacqGHEisPa0GaeyyeIuoakiaacMcaaaa@4452@ in b nachzuweisen. Wir müssen also für eine beliebige Konvergenz ]bs,b+s[ x n b MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiyxaiaadkgacqGHsislcaWGZbGaaiilaiaadkgacqGHRaWkcaWGZbGaai4wamrr1ngBPrwtHrhAYaqeguuDJXwAKbstHrhAGq1DVbacfaGae83cIuUaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadkgaaaa@4D9A@ zeigen:

i=0 b i ( x n b) i i=0 b i (bb) i = b 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaabCaeaacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGIbGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyAaaaaaeaacaWGPbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaqaaiabg6HiLcqdcqGHris5aOGaeyOKH46aaabCaeaacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadkgacqGHsislcaWGIbGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyAaaaaaeaacaWGPbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaqaaiabg6HiLcqdcqGHris5aOGaeyypa0JaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@569C@ [1]

Zunächst findet man ein t>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiDaiabg6da+iaaicdaaaa@3824@ , so dass | x n b|t<s MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiiFaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGIbGaaiiFaiabgsMiJkaadshacqGH8aapcaWGZbaaaa@400D@ für alle n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3A68@ . Nach [5.11.10] ist dann ( i=0 n b i t i ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaaqahabaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaadshadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadMgaaaaabaGaamyAaiabg2da9iaaicdaaeaacaWGUbaaniabggHiLdGccaGGPaaaaa@40C3@ , und damit auch ( i=1 n b i t i1 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikamaaqahabaGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaadshadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadMgacqGHsislcaaIXaaaaaqaaiaadMgacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaabaGaamOBaaqdcqGHris5aOGaaiykaaaa@426C@ absolut konvergent, so dass wir folgendermaßen abschätzen können:

0| i=0 b i ( x n b) i b 0 |=|( x n b) i=1 b i ( x n b) i1 || x n b| i=1 | b i | t i1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaGimaiabgsMiJkaacYhadaaeWbqaaiaadkgadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGOaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkHiTiaadkgacaGGPaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGPbaaaaqaaiaadMgacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaabaGaeyOhIukaniabggHiLdGccqGHsislcaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiiFaiabg2da9iaacYhacaGGOaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkHiTiaadkgacaGGPaWaaabCaeaacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGIbGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyAaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaaabaGaamyAaiabg2da9iaaigdaaeaacqGHEisPa0GaeyyeIuoakiaacYhacqGHKjYOcaGG8bGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkHiTiaadkgacaGG8bWaaabCaeaacaGG8bGaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaacYhacaWG0bWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGPbGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaeaacaWGPbGaeyypa0JaaGymaaqaaiabg6HiLcqdcqGHris5aaaa@7A1D@

Da x n b MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgkziUkaadkgaaaa@3A63@ , konvergiert die rechte Seite gegen 0. Dies sichert i=0 b i ( x n b) i b 0 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaabCaeaacaWGIbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadMgaaeqaaOGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGIbGaaiykamaaCaaaleqabaGaamyAaaaaaeaacaWGPbGaeyypa0JaaGimaaqaaiabg6HiLcqdcqGHris5aOGaeyOeI0IaamOyamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabgkziUkaaicdaaaa@49AD@ und damit die Behauptung [1].

Da eine analytische Funktion in jedem Punkt ihres Definitionsbereichs lokal mit der Genzfunktion einer konvergenten Potenzreihe übereinstimmt, erhält man als Folgerung:

Bemerkung:  Jede analytische Funktion ist stetig. Man hat also:

C (A) C 0 (A) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrVepeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaOGaaiikaiaadgeacaGGPaGaeyOGIWSaam4qamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGimaaaakiaacIcacaWGbbGaaiykaaaa@3F4A@
[6.2.19]

6.1. 6.3.